Fuel Cell Types and Chart

Fuel cell name	Electrolyte	Qualified power (W)	Working temperature (°C)	Efficiency (cell)	Efficiency (system)	Status
Metal hydride fuel cell	Aqueous alkaline solution		0 > -20 (50% P_peak @ 0°C)			Commercial / Research
Electro-galvanic fuel cell	Aqueous alkaline solution		39 < 40			Commercial / Research
Direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC)	Polymer membrane (ionomer)	49 < 50 W	39 < 40			Commercial / Research
Zinc-air battery	Aqueous alkaline solution		39 < 40			Mass production
Microbial fuel cell	Polymer membrane or humic acid		39 < 40			Research
Upflow microbial fuel cell (UMFC)			39 < 40			Research
Regenerative fuel cell	Polymer membrane (ionomer)		49 < 50			Commercial / Research
Direct borohydride fuel cell	Aqueous alkaline solution		70			Commercial
Alkaline fuel cell	Aqueous alkaline solution	10000 10 – 100 kW	79 < 80	65% 60–70%	62%	Commercial / Research
Direct methanol fuel cell	Polymer membrane (ionomer)	0.1 100 mW – 1 kW	105 90–120	25% 20–30%	15% 10–20%	Commercial / Research
Reformed methanol fuel cell	Polymer membrane (ionomer)	5 5 W – 100 kW	200 250–300 (Reformer) 125–200 (PBI)	55% 50–60%	33% 25–40%	Commercial / Research
Direct-ethanol fuel cell	Polymer membrane (ionomer)	0 < 140 mW/cm²	26 > 25 ? 90–120			Research
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell	Polymer membrane (ionomer)	100 100 W – 500 kW	125 50–120 (Nafion) 125–220 (PBI)	60% 50–70%	40% 30–50%	Commercial / Research
RFC - Redox	Liquid electrolytes with redox shuttle and polymer membrane (Ionomer)	1000 1 kW – 10 MW				Research
Phosphoric acid fuel cell	Molten phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄)	999999 < 10 MW	175 150-200	55%	40% 40% Co-Gen: 90%	Commercial / Research
Molten carbonate fuel cell	Molten alkaline carbonate	100000000 100 MW	625 600-650	55%	47%	Commercial / Research
Tubular solid oxide fuel cell (TSOFC)	O^2--conducting ceramic oxide	99999999 < 100 MW	975 850-1100	63% 60–65%	57% 55–60%	Commercial / Research
Protonic ceramic fuel cell	H⁺-conducting ceramic oxide		700			Research
Direct carbon fuel cell	Several different		775 700-850	80%	70%	Commercial / Research
Planar Solid oxide fuel cell	O^2--conducting ceramic oxide	99999999 < 100 MW	975 850-1100	63% 60–65%	57% 55–60%	Commercial / Research
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells	Any that will not denature the enzyme		39 < 40			Research
Magnesium-Air Fuel Cell	salt water		-20 -20 - 55	90% 90%		Commercial / Research