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Fuel cell name↓ Electrolyte↓ Qualified power (W)↓ Working temperature (°C)↓ Efficiency (cell)↓ Efficiency (system)↓ Status↓
Metal hydride fuel cell Aqueous alkaline solution
 		 0 > -20
(50% Ppeak @ 0°C)
 
 		 Commercial / Research
Electro-galvanic fuel cell Aqueous alkaline solution
 		 39 < 40
 
 		 Commercial / Research
Direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) Polymer membrane (ionomer) 49 < 50 W 39 < 40
 
 		 Commercial / Research
Zinc-air battery Aqueous alkaline solution
 		 39 < 40  
 		 Mass production
Microbial fuel cell Polymer membrane or humic acid
 		 39 < 40
 
 		 Research
Upflow microbial fuel cell (UMFC)  
 		 39 < 40
 
 		 Research
Regenerative fuel cell Polymer membrane (ionomer)
 		 49 < 50
 
 		 Commercial / Research
Direct borohydride fuel cell Aqueous alkaline solution
 		 70
 
 		 Commercial
Alkaline fuel cell Aqueous alkaline solution 10000 10 – 100 kW 79 < 80 65% 60–70% 62% Commercial / Research
Direct methanol fuel cell Polymer membrane (ionomer) 0.1 100 mW – 1 kW 105 90–120 25% 20–30% 15% 10–20% Commercial / Research
Reformed methanol fuel cell Polymer membrane (ionomer) 5 5 W – 100 kW 200 250–300 (Reformer)
125–200 (PBI)		 55% 50–60% 33% 25–40% Commercial / Research
Direct-ethanol fuel cell Polymer membrane (ionomer) 0 < 140 mW/cmē 26 > 25
? 90–120
 
 		 Research
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Polymer membrane (ionomer) 100 100 W – 500 kW 125 50–120 (Nafion)
125–220 (PBI)		 60% 50–70% 40% 30–50% Commercial / Research
RFC - Redox Liquid electrolytes with redox shuttle and polymer membrane (Ionomer) 1000 1 kW – 10 MW
 
 
 		 Research
Phosphoric acid fuel cell Molten phosphoric acid (H3PO4) 999999 < 10 MW 175 150-200 55% 40% 40%
Co-Gen: 90%		 Commercial / Research
Molten carbonate fuel cell Molten alkaline carbonate 100000000 100 MW 625 600-650 55% 47% Commercial / Research
Tubular solid oxide fuel cell (TSOFC) O2--conducting ceramic oxide 99999999 < 100 MW 975 850-1100 63% 60–65% 57% 55–60% Commercial / Research
Protonic ceramic fuel cell H+-conducting ceramic oxide
 		 700
 
 		 Research
Direct carbon fuel cell Several different
 		 775 700-850 80% 70% Commercial / Research
Planar Solid oxide fuel cell O2--conducting ceramic oxide 99999999 < 100 MW 975 850-1100 63% 60–65% 57% 55–60% Commercial / Research
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells Any that will not denature the enzyme
 		 39 < 40
 
 		 Research
Magnesium-Air Fuel Cell salt water
 		 -20 -20 - 55 90% 90%
 		 Commercial / Research
 

 

 
 

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